First and Successful Air Conditioning

The first air conditioning was invented by Willis Haviland Carrier. In the year 1902, he graduated from Cornell Universitywith a Masters in Engineering. Fluctuations in heat and humidity in his plant had caused the dimensions of the printing paper to keep altering slightly, enough to ensure a misalignment of the colored inks. The new air conditioning machine created a stable environment and aligned four-color printing became possible.

Cramer used the phrase 'air conditioning' in a 1906 patent claim filed for a device that added water vapor to the air in textile plants - to condition the yarn.

In 1911, Carrier was dislosed his basic formulae to the American Society of Mechnanical Engineers. Even now these formilae is used for badic calculations for the air conditioning. According to him, it was the foggy night, when he was going in his mind the problem of temperature and humidity control. By the time the train arrived, Carrier had an understanding of the relationship between temperature, humidity and dew point.

In 1921, Willis Haviland Carrier patented the centrifugal refrigeration machine. The 'centrifugal chiller' was the first practical method of air conditioning large spaces.

In 1924, air condition was first used in home rather than industrial. But actually, In 1928 Carrier was developed the first residential ‘Weathermaker’ and air conditioner for private home use.

But, truth is different,, Carrier did not invent the air conditioner, but his system was the first successful and safe system.

History of Photography

Photography is derived from the Greek words photos ("light") and graphein ("to draw"). Scientist Sir John F.W. Herschel was the first person who used this word in 1839.

Louis daguerre was the first person and also the inventor of the first pratical process of photography. In 1829, he formed a partnership with Joseph Nicephore Niepce to improve the process Niepce had developed.

After several years of experiment and Niepce’s death, Louis developed a more convenient and effective method of photography.

Louis fixed the images onta a sheet of sliver plated copper. Then he polished the silver and coated it in iodine, creating a surface that was sensitive to light. Then, he put the plate in a camera and exposed it for a few minutes. After the image was painted by light, Daguerre bathed the plate in a solution of silver chloride. This process created a lasting image, one that would not change if exposed to light.

In 1839, Lousi and Niepce’s sons sold the right to the French government and published the book about describing the process. In 1850, both gained the popularity.

Color Photography:

In the year 1940’s commercially viable color films were brought to the market. These films used the modern technology of dye-coupled colors in which a chemical process connects the three dye layers together to create an apparent color image.

History of the Automobile

The automobile was invented in a single day by a single inventor. The first theoretical plans for a motor vehicle that had been drawn up by both Leonardo da Vinci and Isaac Newton.

Nicolas Joseph Cugnot French engineer and mechanic was invented first self propelled road vehicle that was used by military tractor. He used steam engine to power his vehicle, built under his instructions at the Paris Arsenal by mechanic Brezin. There is one problem with the vehicle, it stop every 10 to 15 to build up steam power. In this vehicle, steam engine and boiler both were separate from the vehicle. In 1770, Nicolas built a steam-powered tricycle that carried four passengers.

In 1771, Cugnot drove one of his road vehicles into a stone wall, he was the first person to get into a motor vehicle accident. This was the first road accident. After one of Cugnot's patrons died and the other was exiled, the money for Cugnot's road vehicle experiments ended.

The working of first vehicle was that the steam engines powered cars by burning fuel that heated the water in a boiler, that creating steam and that the steam expanded and pushed pistons that turned the crankshaft, which then turned the wheels. The car has 3 wheel and carried 4 people. Cugnot also designed two steam locomotives with engines that never worked well.

Steam engines were very successfully used in locomotives. Many historians, who accept that early steam-powered road vehicles were automobiles, feel that Nicolas Cugnot was the inventor of the first automobile.

History of the Telephone

Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell both the inventors designed devices that could trasmitt speech electrically in 1870. Gramham Bell was first patented his telephone first. Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell entered into a famous legal battle over the invention of the telephone, which Bell won.

When Bell began experimenting with electrical signals, the telegraph had been an established means of communication for some 30 years.

Alexander Graham Bell's notebook entry of 10 March 1876 describes his successful experiment with the telephone. His first words were “Mr. Watson -- come here -- I want to see you."

Invention of Microwave Oven

The microwave oven did not come about as a result of someone trying to find a better, faster way to cook. During World War II, two scientists invented the magnetron, a tube that produces microwaves. Installing magnetrons in Britain’s radar system, the microwaves were able to spot Nazi warplanes on their way to bomb the British Isles.

In 1946, Dr. Percy Spencer was testing a new vacuum tube called magnetron. Then he was tested many things like popcorn, eggs. Thus, if an egg can be cooked that quickly, why not other foods? Experimentation began...

Dr. Spencer fashioned a metal box with an opening into which he fed microwave power. The energy entering the box was unable to escape, thereby creating a higher density electromagnetic field. When food was placed in the box and microwave energy fed in, the temperature of the food rose very rapidly. Dr. Spencer had invented what was to revolutionize cooking, and form the basis of a multimillion dollar industry, the microwave oven.

After ten years later Spencer patents a "radar range" that cooks with high-frequency radio waves; that same year, the Tappan Stove Co. introduces the first home microwave model.

Earlier, Microwave are very large, heavy and expensive that it was practical only for restaurant and institutional use.